African intellectuals accorded them an They originally came from India, or In- acceptable civil status. But gradually donesia. The only tainly African Obama , p Through them Obama turns the table and portrays Africa we can glean insight into how he views as the recipient.
Here Obama shows an issues of race and space. Throughout awareness of the issues of cultural au- Dreams From My Father Obama shows an thenticity and race that have faced African understanding of the contingent links be- Americans as well as Africans in the Amer- tween racial identity and particular places. Yet, this tack is problematic. As perience appears to lead to a postmodern Fanon writes, or postcolonial view of the relationships Either I ask people not to pay attention between race, place and cultural hybridity.
However, Obama experience is atypical of many African- appears to challenge any homogeneous no- Americans. Furthermore, he has lived tion of blackness. While he worked in Fanon , p These geographies set Obama apart tional black narratives of slavery and segre- from previous black candidates for presi- gation.
However, it is such distance that dent, including Rev. Jesse Jackson and Al may have permitted skeptical whites to vote Sharpton. Such cans including Oprah Winfrey and Magic a perception may allow him to transgress, Johnson Mabry Most importantly, I racialized spaces in the United States.
With his African those who created them are witnessing surname and a father who migrated to the the demise of their economic and cultural United States during the postcolonial pe- supremacy.
In the the plurality of white spaces sense that he does not conform to any dom- in the united states inant cultural narrative, he may be situ- ated within notions of postmodern geog- Before proceeding, I feel that it is im- raphies.
Moreover, any of place quoted in Gregory , p Nevertheless, regional Heterotopia is the geography that patterns of particular whitenesses in the bears the stamp of our age and our United States are well-documented and thought—that is to say it is pluralistic, continue to inform the worldview and vot- chaotic, designed in detail yet lacking ing patterns of white Americans. However, Jarosz and Lawson related to cultural distance from main- suggest that such a racialization of stream colonial life.
Whites on the mar- space is based upon cultural discourses gins of mainstream colonial America, es- that are situated within particular ab- pecially those on the then-frontier, now stracted spaces. As Wilson , p 23 Appalachia, were viewed with suspicion. At that time, the Appa- international scales, has always been con- lachian region was remote and outside tingent on how particular places are imag- mainstream white colonial America, and a ined Rasmussen et al.
Further- place were runaway servants and slaves more, particular white identities and their lived side by side with criminals Wray spatial expressions are reconstructed in Byrd, borrowing from a mythical relation to each other and to non-white place in English literature, named the identities Vanderbeck What becomes clear is sive roots associated with whiteness and that mainstream whiteness was directly their corresponding geographies.
Rather so forth. Here the side of the South. The American eugenics importance of place in the designation of movement of the early 20th Century was subdivisions of whiteness is profound. The eugenics of place is revealed through its capacity movement effectively used such represen- to be moulded according to the dictates tations to create a single group of poor of particular racisms and nationalism.
Notably, areas where this discourse of whiteness is most Because the South is seen as funda- prevalent were the least likely to support mentally different, it is able to serve Barack Obama. In contrast to the negative traits. Here a pe- of a majority of white voters. The con- jorative term denoting whites again inter- struction of Yankee whiteness in terms of sects with socio-economic status. Medlicott not enjoy the privileges to which their , p 28 notes the suggestion that whiteness supposedly entitled them.
One member of the mately, stripped of their rights and small organization from Missouri stated branded as traitors. However, complex than race. As Tillove explains: voters indicate some correlation. Northwest where those New En- Also, Appalachia showed tepid support for glanders migrated. The region, historically poor, pre- Tillove continues his point by position- dominantly white and generally less edu- ing Obama in relation to U.
Presidents cated than other regions, continues to be who were representative of very different on the economic margins of the country. However, Scots-Irish heritage and temperament, while there are indications that race may may appear to be the real McCoy. Geographical Imagination of Barack Obama What is especially interesting here is that ultimate hybrid prodigy in whom Obama is positioned, not in relation to America sees it somatic future. Notably, Obama government of the United States and peo- appears to have had the least support ple of color around the world.
The elec- among the most traditionally marginal- tion of Barack Obama, therefore, becomes ized whites. By identifying geo- is in its most unstable moment. Despite his unique back- to get a sense of how the 44th president ground and celebrity status, he shows of the United States understands issues of characteristics of many mainstream, na- race and place. Showing insights relating tional politicians. He is articulate, intel- to place-contingent race identity, and to ligent, crafty, at times inconsistent, and the spatial manifestations of racial dis- his campaign was incredibly well-funded.
Moreover, parts of the book are of racial and cultural discourses simul- consistent with themes evident in the taneously—deterritorializing them in the work of postcolonial writers including process. In so do- colm X. While regionalized dis- Civil Rights Movement must be trans- courses of whiteness show correlations formed into a revolutionary movement to to patterns of support for Obama, it is remake American spaces. In Spaces of Hate, ed.
Flint, —, New York: Routledge. Feminism and Difference in project of remaking American spaces is Urban Geography. Urban Geography truly underway. Glimore, R. Rednecks, Bluenecks, Geography.
Professional Geographer and Hickphonics: Southern Humor on the 54 1 — Electronic Frontier. Water lies at the intersection of landscape and infrastructure, crossing between visible and invisible domains of urban space, in the tanks and buckets of the global South and the vast subterranean technological networks of the global North. In this book, Matthew Gandy considers the cultural and material significance of water through the experiences of six cities: Paris, Berlin, Lagos, Mumbai, Los Angeles, and London.
Tracing the evolving relationships among modernity, nature, and the urban imagination, from different vantage points and through different periods, Gandy uses water as a lens through which to observe both the ambiguities and the limits of nature as conventionally understood.
Gandy begins with the Parisian sewers of the nineteenth century, captured in the photographs of Nadar, and the reconstruction of subterranean Paris. He moves on to Weimar-era Berlin and its protection of public access to lakes for swimming, the culmination of efforts to reconnect the city with nature.
He considers the threat of malaria in Lagos, where changing geopolitical circumstances led to large-scale swamp drainage in the s. He shows how the dysfunctional water infrastructure of Mumbai offers a vivid expression of persistent social inequality in a postcolonial city. Subscribe Now.
Table of Contents. Author Bio. Related Links. Space and the American Imagination. Paperback E-book. Amir, Y. Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations. Psychological Bulletin, 71, — Fernandez, R. Sifting and sorting: Personal contacts and hiring in a retail bank. American Sociological Review, 62, — Galtung, Johan. Peace by peaceful means. London: Sage Publications. Lazafeld, P. Friendship as a social process: A substantive and methodological analysis.
Berger, T. Page Eds. Freedom and control in modern society. New York: Octagon Books, pp. Lin, N. Social resources and strengths of ties: Structural factors in occupational status attainment. American Sociological Review, 46, — Pettigrew, T. Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65— Reardon, Betty. Sexism and the war system.
Schirch, Lisa.
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